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1995-06-26
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TITLE: DOS Memory Managers and Personal NetWare
DOCUMENT ID: TID1200851
DOCUMENT REVISION: 0
DATE: 16JUN95
ALERT STATUS: Yellow
README FOR: NA
NOVELL PRODUCT and VERSION:
NETWARE LITE V1.1
ABSTRACT:
NA
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DISCLAIMER: THE ORIGIN OF THIS INFORMATION MAY BE INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL TO NOVELL. NOVELL MAKES EVERY EFFORT WITHIN ITS MEAN TO
VERIFY THIS INFORMATION. HOWEVER, THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS FOR YOUR INFORMATION ONLY. NOVELL MAKES NO EXPLICIT OR
IMPLIED CLAIMS TO THE VALIDITY OF THIS INFORMATION.
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ISSUE:
DOS Memory Managers and Personal NetWare v1.0
Note: Information listed is intended for use on 386, 486 and Pentium
based computers. For information on other machines, please consult
your DOS manual. This document is intended to aid the user in the
basic steps of loading Personal NetWare items into upper memory.
General Information
This basic summary is necessary to understand how to create the best
performing servers and clients with Personal NetWare.
Random Access Memory (RAM) in 386, 486 and Pentium computers has a
uniform structure. The first 640KB of memory is known as
conventional memory, the location where applications load. The next
384KB of memory is known as upper memory, where system files and
other files (such as mouse drivers or network drivers) can be loaded
if memory management software is used. On machines with more than
1MB of RAM, the first 64KB of memory above 1MB is known as the HMA
(High Memory Area).
All the necessary files in Personal NetWare v1.0 may be loaded into
upper memory. These files are normally loaded from the STARTNET.BAT
file found in the NWCLIENT directory. These files are the following:
LSL.COM, your network board driver (NE2000.COM), IPXODI, SERVER.EXE,
VLM.EXE and SHARE (found in your DOS directory). The proper syntax
for loading these files into upper memory depends on which version of
DOS and memory manager you choose to use. Following are instructions
to load Personal NetWare files into upper memory by using memory
managers from Novell DOS 7.0 and MS-DOS 6.xx. If you have any
questions that are not answered in this document, please consult your
DOS documentation.
The memory manager, EMM386.EXE, will relocate software into upper
memory. Without the use of the EMM386 manager, the only memory that
can be used is conventional memory (the first 640KB of memory).
Novell DOS 7.0
-------------------
The memory manager included with Novell DOS 7.0 is EMM386.EXE. To
load drivers and programs into upper memory, several steps must be
followed.
The following is an example of a CONFIG.SYS file that is configured
to allow access to upper memory (UMB) and HMA.
DEVICE=C:\NWDOS\EMM386.EXE FRAME=NONE /EXCLUDE=[START-END]
DOS=HIGH,UMB
EMM386.EXE
Switches included with EMM386.EXE that are most commonly used to
increase system performance are the following:
[/]EXCLUDE=start-end[,start-end]
Forces the memory manager to exclude the specified areas of upper
memory when it searches for usable upport memory; start and end are
the starting and ending segment addresses of each area to exclude.
This switch should be used if an item uses a specific memory
location. For example: If your network board had a memory address
setting of CC00 and you used the switch [/E=CC00-CFFF], then the
EMM386.SYS driver would not allow any software to occupy the same
area of memory. This is a solution to random errors (the machine
lockup) that may occur if the network-board driver is overwritten.
[/]FRAME=AUTO | NONE | ADDRESS
Enables expanded (EMS) memory emulation. AUTO (the default) lets the
memory manager locate the page frame; NONE disables EMS emulation;
ADDRESS identifies a specific location In upper memory.
Personal NetWare will not be able to load completely into upper
memory if this option is used because of limited space. Novell
suggests if possible you use [/FRAME=NONE] that will set your machine
up to use extended memory and free up considerably more upper memory
To load Personal NetWare required files into high memory in your
STARTNET.BAT file, your syntax should be similar to the following:
LH LSL
LH NE2000
LH IPXODI A
LH SHARE
LH SERVER
VLM
To examine where your items are loaded into high memory, type the
following from the DOS prompt:
MEM /A /P
(/A shows all information. /P pauses at the end of every screen.)
From this screen you will be given several screens of information.
To determine what is located in upper memory, be aware that the
address A000:0000 is where conventional memory ends and upper memory
begins, and FFFF:0000 is where upper memory ends and the high memory
area begins.
DOS=HIGH,UMB
The HIGH switch allows DOS to relocate the system files into a
location called the HMA (High Memory Area), freeing up more
conventional memory space. The UMB (Upper Memory Block) switch is
for linking conventional memory with upper memory. Loading drivers
or devices into upper memory is necessary.
Remember, to load any command high, the line must follow the memory
manager device line in the CONFIG.SYS. The command to load a device
high in the CONFIG.SYS file is DEVICEHIGH. The command to load an
item high in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file or any .BAT file is LH or
LOADHIGH.
MS-DOS 6.xx
-----------------
The memory manager included with MS-DOS 5.0 is EMM386.EXE. To load
drivers and programs into upper memory, several steps must be
followed.
In the CONFIG.SYS file, device drivers for HIMEM.SYS and EMM386.EXE
must be included and placed in a specific order. To ensure the
proper setup, it is best to have the device line containing HIMEM.SYS
at the beginning of the CONFIG.SYS file, the second line should
contain the EMM386.EXE line, and the third line should contain a
specification of where to load the DOS system files. For example:
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE /X=MMMM-NNNN NOEMS
DOS=HIGH,UMB
HIMEM.SYS
Generally, the default specifications for HIMEM.SYS are sufficient
for your system. The main exception is the /MACHINE:XXXX
specification; replace XXXX with your machine type. Please see the
MS-DOS 6.xx User's Guide for complete information.
EMM386.EXE
Switches included with EMM386.EXE that are most commonly used to
increase system performance are the following:
[X=[MMMM-NNNN]]
Where MMMM-NNNN denotes an address that EMM386.EXE will not be
allowed to use. This is very useful for excluding the address of
your network-board driver so it will not be overwritten by DOS. (If
the board memory address is set at CC00, the switch would be
X=CC00-CFFF.)
[NOEMS]
Allows access to upper memory and prevents access to expanded
memory. It does allow access to extended memory. Other switches
can be found in the MS-DOS 6.xx User's Guide or online help.
DOS
The HIGH switch allows DOS to relocate the system files into a
location called the HMA (High Memory Area), freeing up more
conventional memory space. The UMB (Upper Memory Block) switch is
for linking conventional memory with upper memory. Loading drivers
or devices into upper memory is necessary.
Remember, to load any command high, the line must follow the three
lines listed above. The command to load a device high in the
CONFIG.SYS file is DEVICEHIGH. The command to load an item high in
the AUTOEXEC.BAT file or any .BAT file is LH or LOADHIGH.
To load the required Personal NetWare files into upper memory in your
STARTNET.BAT file, your syntax should be similar to the following:
LH SHARE
LH LSL
LH NE2000
LH IPXODI A
LH SERVER
VLM
To examine where your items are loaded into high memory, type the
following from the DOS prompt: MEM /C /P
(/C classifies programs by memory usage. It also displays
conventional memory and upper memory in separate blocks to easily
determine where programs are loaded. /P pauses at the end of every
screen.)
For further questions and concerns about loading software into upper
memory, consult the MS-DOS 6.xx User's Guide or contact Microsoft
Technical Support.
QEMM-386 (by Quarterdeck)
---------------------------------------------
Other memory managers may be used and there is a good variety on the
market. If you use QEMM, Novell suggests that you consider the
following information.
QEMM uses a feature called Stealth mode that hides ROM code and makes
its memory address mappable as HIGH RAM, then it may be used for
loading TSRs or device drivers. This Stealth mode is turned on in
the CONFIG.SYS with an ST:x parameter. The x may be an F for Frame
or M for Mapping.
Example: Device=c:\qemm\qemm386.sys ST:F or ST:M
FRAME shares the page frame with a ROM area. It must see 64KB of
contiguous HIGH RAM; otherwise, it will revert back to using
conventional RAM starting at 576KB to 640KB (64KB total). MAPPING,
makes use of the 386 memory mapping capabilities.
Memory problems may manifest themselves through random lockup,
generally upon initial bootup when device drivers are loading, or at
later times when applications are loaded.
If you suspect memory problems while using Personal NetWare and
QEMM-386, try removing the Stealth parameter from the CONFIG.SYS,
then reboot and see if problem persists. If it does not, then refer
to your troubleshooting documentation or contact Quarterdeck for
instructions on debugging the problem. Usually it is merely a memory
conflict that may be corrected by excluding certain memory ranges.
Novell's experience shows the most common memory range to exclude is
the network board. See the previous information for exclude
examples.
In addition, their may be problems or conflicts with disk caching
utilities due to improper page frame preservation. If you are using
disk cache and suspect conflicts manifest by system failures or
corruption, remove the caching utility. If the problem goes away,
the conflict may be due to advanced disk features. Consult your
appropriate documentation and turn off advanced features such as
advanced reads and writes, then reload the cache utility.
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respective owners. Consult your product manuals for complete
trademark information.
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